It's only been 100 years since Einstein's papers
strongly supporting the atomic theory of matter, and scientists are
investigating materials which are one atom thick. That's
investigating their properties, as in examining such existing
materials, not speculating about their properties.
The University of Manchester has a press release,
One-atom-thick
materials promise a 'new industrial revolution' (18 July, 2005)
about the research by a joint British-Russian team lead by
Professor Andre Geim, Director of the
Manchester Centre for
Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, and who
discovered
the first example of such two-dimensional materials.
Roland Piquepaille's Technology Trends blog has some pictures of
such materials at
One-atom-thick
materials?.
This is strange enough for me to become interested in
nanotechnology.
There are some references to recent science fiction works which
include such materials, but I haven't seen
Flatland, A Romance
of Many Dimensions mentioned yet. The version at
Flatland, by E.A. Abbott,
1884 has the illustrations and 'next' links at the bottom of
each page.

A Square's house seen from Sphereland