10.24.2005 17:49

Using laser pulses, physicists observe what happens when atoms collide


Atoms collide like tennis balls, at Roland Piquepaille's Technology Trends, points to Ultrafast Lasers Take 'Snapshots' as Atoms Collide.
The new data, reported in the Oct. 14 issue of Physical Review Letters,* provide the equivalent of missing frames in movies of colliding atoms (see simulated images in accompanying graphic). As is the case when a tennis ball is hit by a racquet, the motion is too quick for the eye but can be detected using short flashes of light. The JILA scientists collected data on atoms' properties before, during and after collisions lasting just half a picosecond (trillionth of a second) using laser "flashes" that were even faster.

In the JILA experiments, about 10 quintillion potassium atoms in a dense gas were packed into a titanium container just 1 square centimeter in size and heated to 700 degrees C (almost 1,300 degrees F). With such high temperatures and large numbers of atoms, the experiment is designed to maximize the number of atom collisions. Rapidly alternating pulses of laser light then are used to "freeze frame" the action.
The experiment 'confirm[s] a decades-old theory of how atoms -- like tennis balls -- briefly lose form and energy when they hit something.'